
Greenland in the spotlight: Why Trump wants to gain control of the 4,000-year-old civilisation
Donald Trump seeks to secure control over the mineral-rich Arctic territory.
While most people associate Greenland with its icy terrain at the top of the world, the island’s history stretches back over 4,000 years, shaped by various human cultures and pivotal geopolitical events.
A self-governing region of Denmark, Greenland has been home to diverse groups, from early Inuit migrants and Norse settlers to Lutheran missionaries and U.S. military personnel. Today, it remains a significant location due to its natural resources, and with a warming climate and increasing competition for Arctic resources, Greenland’s economic future looks poised for growth.
Early human settlement
The first human inhabitants of Greenland arrived around 2,500 B.C., migrating from what is now Canada as the narrow strait separating the island from North America froze over. This marked the beginning of six waves of Inuit migration to Greenland, establishing the island as home to the Indigenous peoples who still make up about 90% of the population today.
In A.D. 985, the Norse explorer Erik the Red arrived in Greenland, reportedly bringing with him a fleet of Viking ships. The Norsemen settled in the island’s coastal regions, forming two colonies that peaked with a population of 2,500 to 5,000 people. These settlements mysteriously disappeared by around 1450, though the exact reason remains unknown.
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