H5N9 and H5N1: What’s the difference, and is California at risk after the recent outbreak?
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Here's all about H5N9 and H5N1
Bird flu, or avian influenza, is classified into various strains based on two proteins found in the virus—hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N). The H5 and H9 designations refer to different types of these proteins. Both H5N9 and H5N1 are bird flu viruses, but they differ in their composition and effects.
H5N1: This strain has been the dominant driver of bird flu outbreaks in the past year, affecting wild birds, poultry, dairy cattle, and even pets. Human cases of H5N1 have also been recorded, with over 67 confirmed cases globally. It is known for causing severe illness in humans, though transmission from birds to people is rare.
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H5N9: A rarer strain, H5N9 has been found in birds across the U.S., but it typically causes less severe symptoms. However, the recent outbreak in California showed that H5N9 can mutate into a highly pathogenic form, causing increased mortality in birds.
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