In a volatile world, India’s trade agreements need sunset clauses—we mustn’t get locked in by past pacts
Subscribe to enjoy similar stories. Even as we are engaged in protracted negotiations with the US to sew up a trade deal, India has gone ahead with much agility to sign several others. In recent months, New Delhi has concluded deals with Australia and the UAE, apart from a long-awaited pact with the UK, and announced progress on trade agreements with New Zealand and the EU.
This momentum reflects its intent of deeper integration with global markets and trusted partners. It makes eminent economic sense. India needs export opportunities, technology inflows, supply-chain openings and strategic diversification.
Nevertheless, as our trade pacts multiply, it is worth pausing to examine if the terms of our agreements are resilient in a world that is witnessing unprecedented upheavals, from an upturned trade order to geopolitical turmoil. An important development in recent times is the US’s evolving stance on trade with its largest trade partners, Mexico and Canada. Without formally abandoning existing arrangements, the message from the White House is blunt: trade agreements are conditional, not permanent.
Should domestic priorities change, deals will be revisited. So US trade pacts are transforming from one-time settlements into living instruments. For example, the US-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) of 2018, which replaced the NAFTA that had operated for 25 years, is reviewable.
This draws attention to traditional trade agreements between countries that have no expiry date or reset provision inked in and holds an important lesson for India. Going forward, we should craft trade accords that do not assume permanence and have expiry or review clauses. In an era of fast-moving technology, geopolitical shocks and constantly reshaped
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