India's Chandrayaan-3 and Russia's Luna-25: Race to Moon's south pole heats up

economictimes.indiatimes.com:

Chandrayaan-3 and Russia's Luna-25 gearing up for lunar landings next week, each mission holding significant implications beyond the thrilling competition in the skies. While Chandrayaan-3 plans to be the first to land on the Moon's south pole, Luna-25's swift trajectory has cast new light, say experts as anticipation builds up. The proximity, possible overlap, of their landing dates — August 21-23 for Luna-25 and August 23-24 for Chandrayaan-3 — has intensified global attention.

Chandrayaan-3, the third mission in India's lunar exploration series, began its journey on July 14 this year and successfully entered lunar orbit on August 5. It is meticulously adjusting its orbit in preparation for a soft landing attempt within 40 days of launch. Russia, which is making a momentous return to lunar exploration, its first in almost five decades since the iconic Soviet-era Luna-24 mission in 1976, launched Luna-25 on August 10.

It is taking a more direct trajectory to the Moon, potentially allowing it to attempt a landing as early as August 21, about 11 days. The rapid journey is attributed to the mission's lightweight design and efficient fuel storage, enabling it to take a shorter path to its destination. «Will the race make a difference? In the grand scope of cosmic exploration, the order of arrival may not significantly alter the lunar landscape.

Yet, the knowledge gained from each mission will enrich our understanding of the Moon's past and potential. The value lies in the sum of our combined efforts,» Chrisphin Karthick, scientist at Bangalore's Indian Institute of Astrophysics, told PTI. A key factor in the differing arrival times of the two missions is their respective mass and fuel efficiency.