India's east-west economic imbalance: Can a BJP-led West Bengal help tip the scales back?
Subscribe to enjoy similar stories.The emphatic victory of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in elections to the West Bengal assembly focuses attention on an important aspect of India’s political economy: the role of politics and governance in economic development. The link is hard to quantify, especially in an era where economics is increasingly about mathematical models.
However, as pointed out by a paper on ‘The relative economic performance of Indian states during the period 1960-61 to 2023-24’ by Sanjeev Sanyal, member, Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister (EAC-PM), and Aakanksha Arora, joint director, EAC-PM, there is no getting away from harsh facts: the economic performance of Indian states has been vastly disparate. West Bengal, which accounted for the third-largest slice of the country’s GDP at 10.5% in 1960-61, saw its share shrink to 5.6% by 2023-24, the most severe reduction among states.
Accordingly, its per capita income went from 127.5% of the national average to 83.7% over the same period. Another eastern state, Assam, which had an above-average per capita income in 1960-61, saw it drop in relative terms to 61.2% in 2010-11, though it improved to 73.7% in 2023-24.
Likewise, Bihar; the undivided state’s relative per capita income was 70.3% in 1960-61, hit a low of 31% in 2000-01 and then stayed at around 33% after it was split into Bihar and Jharkhand. Odisha, also in the east, saw a consistent decline on that measure over the three decades to 1990-91 (70.9% to 54.3%), but then recorded a significant turnaround, taking its figure to 88.5% in 2023-24.
The reasons for the relatively poor showing of our major eastern states vary. What is indisputable, however, is that they have lagged not just the
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