Syphilis outbreak in Houston, 128% increase in cases among women; All you need to know

economictimes.indiatimes.com:

syphilis among women in Houston, Texas, have seen a significant increase. From 2019 to 2022, there has been a 128% jump, with the number rising from 295 to 674 cases. This rise, along with other similar syphilis statistics, has led the Houston Health Department to declare an outbreak of this sexually transmitted infection (STI). Additionally, there has been a 57% increase in newly diagnosed infections during the same time period, going from 1,845 to 2,905 cases. An outbreak refers to a sudden surge in the number of disease cases within a specific region. Various factors can contribute to outbreaks, such as the emergence of new diseases, environmental changes, or shifts in human behaviour.

Syphilis is an STI caused by the bacteria Treponema pallidum. It can be transmitted through intimate contact, blood, or tissues. The infection progresses through four stages. In the primary stage, a painless sore called a chancre appears at the infection site. Secondary syphilis follows, with symptoms like rash, fever, and fatigue. Latent syphilis may have no symptoms but can persist for years. Tertiary syphilis, occurring years later, can lead to severe complications such as heart disease and brain damage. Timely treatment is crucial to prevent progression and potential long-term effects.

Sexual contact: The most common way of contracting syphilis is through intercourse. The bacteria can enter the body through the vagina, anus, penis, or mouth.Blood contact: Syphilis can also be spread through contact with infected blood. This can occur when sharing needles or through blood transfusions.Mother-to-child transmission: During pregnancy or