Wind power expansion meets grassroots resistance in Brazil's Northeast

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Wind energy is booming in Brazil's dry and windy Northeast, but some projects are drawing criticism as it becomes clear that certain communities have benefited while others have not

QUEIMADA NOVA, Brazil — Cousins Nilson José dos Santos and Geremias da Cruz dos Anjos grew up together in neighboring rural communities in Brazil's impoverished Northeast. The ruggedness of the land here and recurring drought make it unsuitable for the commercial farming that has transformed so much of the country. Yet energy companies have found something here to harvest: the wind.

The changes to the land have been dramatic. Enel Green Power, an Italian energy company, has put up one of Latin America's largest wind farms, with 372 turbines, investing more than $1.4 billion.

The cousins have had vastly different experiences with the development — one very good, one very bad — offering a glimpse into wind company practices that are leading to increasing resistance to this kind of clean power in the country. Brazil has rapidly become the world's fifth largest wind power producer.

Dos Santos' community, Sumidouro, is a formally-recognized quilombo, a community of descendants of Afro-Brazilian runaway slaves. He was part of winning this recognition from the government. In a way, that effort, which resulted in land ownership, prepared him and his neighbors to deal with the energy companies. Land title in hand, they demanded negotiations and managed to keep the turbines at a distance. Sumidouro's last house, which belongs to farmer João de Souza Silva, is 1.6 kilometers (1 mile) away from the first windmill.

Dos Santos wants the world to understand that the community is not against energy development; people just want to be involved in the