Israel and Iran have fought a shadow war across the Middle East, trading attacks by land, sea, air and in cyberspace.
Iran has largely used foreign proxies to strike Israeli interests, while targeted assassinations of Iranian military leaders and nuclear scientists have been a key part of Israel's strategy.
Israel's strike in the Syrian capital, Damascus, that killed three top Iranian commanders Monday was the most brazen attack in years, raising fears of a wider confrontation. That would be particularly dangerous in a region already in turmoil on multiple fronts, including Israel's war in the Gaza Strip, cross-border skirmishes between Israel and the Lebanese militant group Hezbollah and attacks by Yemen's Houthi militia against Western interests in the Red Sea. An escalation between Israel and Iran would also risk further entangling the United States, given the presence of U.S. troops in the region.
Here are some key moments in the years-long conflict.
January 2020: A Major Target
The assassination of Gen. Qassem Soleimani, commander of the foreign-facing arm of Iran's Revolutionary Guard, in a U.S. drone strike in Baghdad was greeted with satisfaction in Israel.
Iran hit back by attacking two bases in Iraq that housed U.S. troops with a barrage of missiles, injuring about 100 U.S. military personnel.
U.S. officials accused Soleimani of causing the deaths of hundreds of soldiers during the Iraq War. They also said that he was behind destabilizing Iranian activities throughout the Middle East and that he was