Mangroves offer a vital shield against climate change
cyclones. Mangrove coverage acts as a natural barrier, reducing the impact of waves and protecting coastal areas from erosion. It stabilizes sedimentation and mitigates coastal flooding, thus providing a valuable defence against natural disasters.
Healthy mangrove forests can mean the difference between life and death during a cyclone. A recent study estimated that India’s mangrove systems provide annual flood protection benefits of over $7.8 billion. (go.nature.com/3QC7b2j) India’s mangroves are critical habitats of a diverse range of plant and animal species, and marine organisms, including commercially important fish species.
The Sundarbans host the world’s largest mangrove forest and are home to endangered species like the Bengal tiger and Ganges river dolphin. Mangroves contribute significantly to the livelihoods of 900,000 fisher households in India. They support artisanal fisheries and provide food and income for the local population.
Successful programmes in the Sundarbans region of West Bengal show that the involvement of local communities in a scientific manner can result in sustainable livelihoods and income for fisherfolk. The region also holds great tourism potential. Mangrove forests improve water quality and act as natural filters by trapping sediments, pollutants and excess nutrients.
They play a role in the well-being of coastal communities and health of marine ecosystems. They demonstrate a remarkable ability to adapt and recover from the impacts of climate change like sea-level rise and increased storm intensity. Their conservation and restoration can enhance the resilience of India’s coastal regions.
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