Over 40% Indian graduates under 25 years remain unemployed: Report

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Labour Market Outcomes -- released by Azim Premji University. Apart from this, the report even mentions that the connection between growth and good jobs remains weak. It noted that the conception of job creation changed between 2004 and 2019 has changed, but was interrupted by the pandemic which caused larger growth in distressed employment.

ALSO READ: India’s unemployment challenge can’t be tackled by doles as usual On the issue of female employment, the report states that it rose since 2019 due to a distress-led increase in self-employment. Before e Covid, 50% of women were self-employed, but post r Covid this rose to 60%. "Even two years after the 2020 lockdown, self-employment earnings were only 85% of what they were in the April-June 2019 quarter," the report said.

Looking at a similar point of view, the report mentioned gender norms continue to be significant for women’s employment. It said that compared to households with no mother-in-law present, married women living in households where the mother-in-law is present but not employed are 20% (rural) to 30% (urban) less likely to be employed. While, if the mother-in-law is employed herself, daughters-in-law are 50% (rural) to 70% (urban) more likely to be employed.

On this issue, the report stated that Scheduled Caste workers declined rapidly over time in waste-related work and leather-related work, though it has not been eliminated as of 2021-22. "In the leather industry, the representation index declined sharply to 1.4 in 2021. In waste management and sewerage, over-representation of SCs decreased to 1.6 times in 2011 before increasing slightly again," the report said.