There Could Be 15 Retail CBDCs in Circulation by 2030

investopedia.com:

Up to 93% of the world’s central banks are experimenting with some form of digital currency (CBDC), with two dozen expected to have one in circulation by the end of the decade, the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) found in a survey.

The BIS surveyed 86 central banks, whose national jurisdictions cover 82% of the world’s population and 94% of global gross domestic product (GDP), late last year on their involvement in CBDCs and intentions to issue one. It found that 15 retail and nine wholesale CBDCs could be in circulation by the end of the decade.

CBDCs are digital currencies issued by a nation’s central bank. Unlike cryptocurrencies, their value is determined by a central authority and linked to fiat currency. 

Retail CBDCs are those available to households and the general public for transactions and payments. They differ from other cashless forms of payment in that they represent a claim, or liability, on a central bank rather than a liability on a private bank.

Wholesale CBDCs, on the other hand, aren't available to the general public and are instead used to facilitate transactions between banks, central banks, and other financial institutions. If implemented, they would serve a role similar to bank reserves or balances held at central banks. Unlike reserves, however, they would have the added benefit of tokenization and programmability.

In total, more than 90% of the world’s central banks are either engaged in or experimenting with CBDCs, including conducting research, designing and testing prototype CBDCs, and consulting with public and private stakeholders on the matter.

Almost 60% of the central banks surveyed said the emergence and growing popularity of cryptocurrencies and stablecoins has accelerated