What is alpha-gal syndrome — the life-threatening meat allergy linked to tick bites

economictimes.indiatimes.com:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has revealed a significant rise in the number of Americans developing a rare meat allergy known as alpha-gal syndrome, which may have already affected up to 450,000 people. The data released on Thursday highlights the alarming increase in cases of this potentially life-threatening allergy triggered by tick bites.

The alpha-gal syndrome is a severe allergy that can lead to life-threatening reactions when individuals consume certain meat and animal products. Researchers have linked this rare allergy to the saliva of the lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum), recognizable by the white spot on its back, mainly found in southern and eastern regions of the US. The tick's expanding range, driven by climate change, poses a growing health concern.

When the blood-sucking lone star tick bites a person, the alpha-gal allergen can cause adverse reactions to meat and animal products derived from mammals. Foods such as pork, beef, rabbit, lamb, venison, gelatine, milk, some dairy products, and specific pharmaceuticals are considered dangerous for individuals suffering from alpha-gal syndrome.

Symptoms of alpha-gal syndrome can vary from person to person, ranging from mild to severe, or even life-threatening. The allergy can lead to stomach cramps, diarrhea, hives, and shortness of breath, which, in extreme cases, can trigger fatal anaphylaxis. However, the CDC notes that not every alpha-gal exposure results in an allergic reaction, making diagnosis challenging. According to the CDC, over 110,000 cases of alpha-gal syndrome have been detected