A matter of public interest: Are India’s dynamic airfares that go up and down fair to everyone?
Subscribe to enjoy similar stories. A Bengaluru resident had travelled to Chennai for a visa appointment that was unexpectedly delayed. As a result, the person missed a return train and had to take a last-minute flight to make it back in time for work.
This ticket cost about ₹20,000—or 300% more than the same route’s average fare for tickets bought at least 60 days in advance. This experience is not unusual, but it does capture the anxiety many Indian travellers face when confronted with sudden fare spikes. In November 2025, activist S.
Laxminarayanan filed a public interest litigation (PIL) in the Supreme Court challenging the dynamic pricing models used by domestic airlines. Put simply, air carriers use dynamic pricing models to adjust fares in real-time based on fluctuations in demand. The petition argues that algorithmic pricing pushes fares beyond the reach of the average Indian, disproportionately affecting last-minute travellers with emergencies and during events such as the Maha Kumbh.
Understanding this case requires a closer look at how airline pricing has evolved. Until the 1970s, fares were regulated globally. The US began deregulation in 1978 and other countries followed.
India deregulated airfares with the repeal of the Air Corporation Act in 1994. The recent Bharatiya Vayuyan Adhiniyam of 2024 empowers the government to undertake economic regulation of civil aviation, including tariffs—the basis of this petition. Freed from fixed fare schedules, airlines adopted dynamic pricing—a model under which different customers can be charged different prices.
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