Chandrayaan 3: All you need to know about India's third lunar mission

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Chandrayaan-3 is expected to be launched between July 13 to July 19. Ahead of the launch, India's premier space agency completed the mating of Chandrayaan-3 orbiter with the LVM3 launch vehicle at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota on July 5. Built at a cost of around ₹615 crore, India's third lunar mission is aimed at achieving a successful landing of the lander on the moon's surface, followed by the deployment of a rover to carry out a range of experiments.

Chandrayaan-3 mission will carry scientific instruments to the moon in order to study its thermophysical properties, lunar seismicity, lunar surface plasma environment and elemental composition. In March, Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft successfully completed the essential tests needed to validate its capabilities to endure the harsh vibration and acoustic vibration that it will face during launch. Chandrayaan-3 is the follow-up mission to the Chandrayaan-2 which was launched on July 22, 2019 and took 48 days to reach the moon's surface.

However, the mission failed after the Vikram lunar lander crashed on Moon's surface on September 6, 2019. The current lander for the Chandrayaan-3 mission has undergone several modifications compared to the previous lander used in the Chandrayaan-2 mission. Instead of five motors, the new lander will now have four motors and certain software adjustments have also been made.

However, it's not yet clear whether ISRO will retain the names of the previous lander and rover, i.e. Vikram and Pragyan respectively. A major addition to Chandrayaan-3 is the inclusion of Spectro-polarimetry of Habitable Planet Earth (SHAPE) payload.