Modernizing the ledger: Inside the quest to solidify India’s economic data
Subscribe to enjoy similar stories.New Delhi: Earlier this year, the government issued a much-awaited update to the methods by which it measures national income and gross domestic product (GDP).According to the government, key reforms to the way GDP is calculated “include revising the base years of GDP and price indices, strengthening the measurement of the informal and services sectors, improving labour market statistics, adopting advanced survey methods and technology, and enhancing transparency…”Based on the new methodology, India’s GDP grew 7.2%, 7.1% and 7.6% in real (inflation-adjusted) terms in FY24, FY25, and FY26, respectively, compared to the 9.2%, 6.5% and 7.4% growth rates last estimated using the old methodology. In absolute terms, GDP is now lower than previously pegged: at current prices (not adjusted for inflation), India added ₹345.47 trillion in economic output in 2025-26, not ₹357.14 trillion as believed using the old technique.
The three years before this, the only ones for which data is available based on both methods, also saw GDP shrink by 2.9-3.8%.The details seem arcane and of interest only to statisticians. But the changes gain credence as they come after almost 10 years of sharp criticism by researchers and academics of the way the government calculated such statistics, and of the impression that those calculations gave of the health of the Indian economy as a whole.
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