ferrihydrite — could be the reason for the planet's color, the study published in the journal Nature Communications suggested.
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«We're not the first to consider ferrihydrite as the reason for why Mars is red, but we can now better test this using observational data and novel laboratory methods to essentially make Martian dust in the lab,» said lead author Adam Valantinas, a postdoctoral fellow at Brown University, US.
«From our analysis, we believe ferrihydrite is everywhere in the dust and also probably in the rock formations as well,» Valantinas added.
However, because ferrihydrite forms in the presence of cool water and at lower temperatures than minerals previously thought to render the red color, such as hematite, the findings suggest that Mars may have had an environment capable of sustaining liquid water.
Mars's environment is believed to have transitioned from wet to dry billions of years ago when its atmosphere was stripped away by solar winds. The planet had a weak magnetic field (due to a cooling core), which failed to protect it from the solar winds, leaving Mars dry and cold.
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